Sometimes.
When you file for bankruptcy, it is up to each individual credit card company to decide whether to allow you the continued use of your credit card. If you have a balance on the credit card when you file for bankruptcy, they will cancel it. However, if it has a zero balance, they may not be automatically notified of the bankruptcy, but they will often cancel it once they learn you have filed.
After you have filed bankruptcy, you can apply for a secured credit card
to begin rebuilding you credit rating.